Laboratory [F] Tests
SERVICES AND TREATMENTS
- Factor X (Factor X – Stuart Factor): Factor X, also known as Stuart Factor or factor Xa, is a crucial protein involved in the coagulation cascade, specifically in the common pathway. It acts by converting prothrombin to thrombin, which then converts fibrinogen into fibrin, leading to the formation of a stable blood clot. Deficiencies or abnormalities in factor X can result in bleeding disorders or thrombotic conditions.
- Factor XI (Factor XI – PTA): Factor XI, also known as Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA) or factor XIa, is a protein involved in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It plays a role in amplifying the coagulation process by activating factor IX. Deficiencies in factor XI are associated with a mild bleeding disorder known as hemophilia C or Rosenthal syndrome.
- Factor XII (Factor XII – Hageman Factor): Factor XII, also known as Hageman Factor, is a protein involved in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It initiates the activation of the coagulation cascade by activating factor XI and prekallikrein. Factor XII deficiency is rare and usually does not lead to bleeding disorders but may be associated with thrombotic conditions.
- Factor XIII (Factor XIII – Fibrin Stabilizing Factor): Factor XIII, also known as Fibrin Stabilizing Factor, is a protein involved in the final stages of blood clot formation. It cross-links fibrin strands to stabilize the blood clot, making it more resistant to breakdown by fibrinolysis. Deficiencies in factor XIII can result in impaired clot stabilization and lead to a bleeding disorder called factor XIII deficiency or fibrin stabilizing factor deficiency.
- Factor II (Factor II – Thrombin): Factor II, also known as Thrombin or prothrombin, is a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. It is activated to thrombin through the action of factor Xa, which then converts fibrinogen to fibrin during the final stage of blood clot formation. Disorders related to factor II include factor II deficiency and mutations associated with thrombophilia, a condition characterized by an increased tendency to form blood clots.
- Factor V (Factor V – Proaccelerin, Labile Factor): Factor V, also known as Proaccelerin or Labile Factor, is a cofactor involved in the coagulation cascade. It serves as a substrate for activated factor X (Xa) and plays a crucial role in converting prothrombin to thrombin. Factor V deficiency or mutations can lead to bleeding disorders or thrombotic conditions, such as Factor V Leiden, a common inherited thrombophilia.
- Factor VII (Factor VII – Proconvertin, Stable Factor): Factor VII, also known as Proconvertin or Stable Factor, is an enzyme involved in the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It is activated by tissue factor (TF) released from damaged tissues and initiates the conversion of factor X to factor Xa, thereby leading to thrombin formation and blood clot formation. Deficiencies in factor VII are rare but can lead to bleeding disorders.
- Factor VIII (Factor VIII – Antihemophilic Factor – AHF): Factor VIII, also known as Antihemophilic Factor (AHF), is a crucial protein involved in blood clotting, specifically in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It functions as a cofactor for factor IX in the conversion of factor X to factor Xa, leading to the formation of thrombin and blood clotting. Deficiencies in factor VIII result in hemophilia A, a genetic bleeding disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding.
- Factor IX (Factor IX -Christmas): Factor IX, also known as Christmas Factor or plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), is a protein involved in the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It plays a crucial role in blood clotting by activating factor X in the presence of factor VIII and calcium ions. Deficiencies in factor IX result in hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, which leads to prolonged bleeding and bruising.
- fAL: fAL stands for free fatty acids in the blood. It refers to the measurement of unbound fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream. Elevated levels of free fatty acids may be associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.
- (Fenilalanin) Phenylalanine : Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid found in protein-containing foods. It plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and is a precursor for neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Phenylalanine is also used in the diagnosis and management of phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize phenylalanine properly.
- (Fenitoin) Phenytoin : Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication used to control seizures in epilepsy and other seizure disorders. It works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain. Monitoring blood levels of phenytoin is essential to ensure therapeutic efficacy and prevent toxicity.
- (Fenobarbital) Phenobarbital : Phenobarbital is a barbiturate medication used primarily as an anticonvulsant to prevent and control seizures. It acts by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. Phenobarbital is also used in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety disorders.
- (Fenol) Phenol : Phenol is a chemical compound used in various industrial applications, including the production of plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in healthcare settings. Exposure to high concentrations of phenol can be toxic and may cause irritation, burns, or systemic effects.
- Ferritin: Ferritin is a protein found inside cells that stores and releases iron in a controlled manner. It serves as the primary intracellular iron storage protein and plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Serum ferritin levels are measured to assess iron status in the body, with low levels indicating iron deficiency and high levels suggesting iron overload or inflammation.
- Fibrinogen (Factor 1): Fibrinogen, also known as Factor I, is a glycoprotein produced by the liver and found in blood plasma. It plays a crucial role in blood clotting by converting into fibrin during the coagulation cascade. Fibrinogen is essential for the formation of blood clots, which helps stop bleeding. Abnormal levels of fibrinogen can indicate various clotting disorders or inflammatory conditions.
- Fluoride (Florür): Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in soil, water, and certain foods. It is commonly added to drinking water and oral hygiene products for its dental health benefits, including the prevention of tooth decay and cavities. However, excessive fluoride intake can lead to dental fluorosis or skeletal fluorosis, depending on the level of exposure.
- FLU (Influenza A/B) and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) RT-PCR: FLU (Influenza A/B) and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) RT-PCR are molecular diagnostic tests used to detect the presence of influenza viruses (types A and B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in respiratory samples such as nasal swabs or throat swabs. RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a highly sensitive and specific technique that amplifies and detects viral RNA, allowing for rapid and accurate diagnosis of flu and RSV infections.
- Folic Acid (Vitamin B9) (Folik Asit): Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in DNA synthesis, cell division, and red blood cell formation. It is essential for proper fetal development during pregnancy and helps prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia and increase the risk of birth defects. Supplementation with folic acid is recommended for pregnant women and individuals at risk of deficiency.
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin hormone produced by the pituitary gland. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovaries and triggers the release of estrogen. In males, FSH stimulates the production of sperm in the testes. Measurement of FSH levels is commonly used in fertility assessments and the diagnosis of reproductive disorders.
- (Fosfor) Phosphorus (P) : Phosphorus is an essential mineral found in the body, primarily in bones and teeth, where it plays a crucial role in bone formation and structure. It is also involved in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, DNA synthesis, and cell signaling. Phosphorus levels are regulated by dietary intake, kidney function, and hormonal factors. Abnormal phosphorus levels can occur in conditions such as kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, and certain metabolic disorders.
- Fructose (Fruktoz): Fructose is a simple sugar found naturally in fruits, honey, and some vegetables. It is commonly used as a sweetener in processed foods and beverages due to its high sweetness level. Fructose is metabolized differently in the body compared to glucose and sucrose, and excessive intake has been associated with adverse health effects, including obesity, insulin resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- Fructosamine (Fruktozamin): Fructosamine is a compound formed by the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in the presence of glucose or fructose. Measuring fructosamine levels in blood provides an indication of average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 weeks, making it useful in the monitoring of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Fructosamine levels are influenced by both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends in blood glucose concentrations.
- FTA-Abs IgG and FTA-Abs IgM: FTA-Abs (Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption) tests are serological tests used to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. The IgG FTA-Abs test detects IgG antibodies, indicating past or current infection, while the IgM FTA-Abs test detects IgM antibodies, suggesting recent or active infection. These tests are commonly used in the diagnosis and screening of syphilis.
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