Laboratory [H] Tests
SERVICES AND TREATMENTS
- Haptoglobin: Haptoglobin is a glycoprotein produced by the liver, and its main function is to bind free hemoglobin released from damaged red blood cells. This prevents hemoglobin from causing kidney damage and facilitates its removal from the bloodstream. Haptoglobin levels can be measured in blood tests and are often used to evaluate and monitor conditions associated with hemolysis, inflammation, or liver disease.
- Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg): Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a protein produced by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during active viral replication. Its presence in the blood indicates high viral replication and infectivity. Testing for HBeAg is used to monitor the progression of hepatitis B infection, assess response to antiviral therapy, and determine the risk of transmitting the virus to others.
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg): Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a protein present on the surface of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Detection of HBsAg in the blood indicates current HBV infection. It is the earliest marker to appear after HBV exposure and is used for screening and diagnosis of acute and chronic hepatitis B infections.
- Hepatitis B Virus DNA (HBV-DNA): Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) testing measures the amount of HBV genetic material (viral DNA) in the blood. It is used to assess viral replication activity, monitor response to antiviral therapy, and detect drug resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. HBV-DNA testing helps guide treatment decisions and evaluate the risk of disease progression and liver damage.
- Hepatitis C Virus RNA PCR Viral Load (HCV RNA PCR Viral Yük): Hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) viral load testing quantifies the amount of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genetic material (viral RNA) in the blood. It is used to assess the severity of HCV infection, monitor response to antiviral therapy, and detect viral relapse after treatment. HCV RNA PCR viral load testing helps guide treatment decisions and evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral medications.
- High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL Kolesterol): High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a type of cholesterol often referred to as “good” cholesterol because it helps remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. HDL cholesterol levels can be measured in blood tests and are used to assess cardiovascular risk and guide lifestyle and treatment interventions to improve lipid profiles.
- Hepatitis D Virus RNA (HDV RNA): Hepatitis D virus RNA (HDV RNA) testing detects the presence of hepatitis D virus genetic material (viral RNA) in the blood. HDV is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection for replication. HDV RNA testing helps diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis D infections and monitor response to treatment.
- Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) (He4): Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a biomarker that may be elevated in certain gynecological cancers, particularly ovarian cancer. HE4 testing, often performed in combination with other tumor markers such as CA-125, helps diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer, assess treatment response, and detect disease recurrence.
- Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA) (Helicobacter Gaita Antijeni): Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) testing detects the presence of Helicobacter pylori antigens in stool samples. H. pylori is a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and is associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancer. HpSA testing is a non-invasive method to diagnose H. pylori infection and monitor the effectiveness of eradication therapy.
- Helicobacter Pylori IgA: Helicobacter pylori IgA testing detects immunoglobulin A antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. This test helps diagnose H. pylori-related gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. Elevated IgA levels may indicate current or recent H. pylori infection.
- Helicobacter Pylori IgG: Helicobacter pylori IgG testing detects immunoglobulin G antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. This test helps diagnose H. pylori-related gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. Elevated IgG levels may indicate current or past H. pylori infection.
- Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c – Glycated Hemoglobin – Glukohemoglobin): Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months by assessing the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated (bound to glucose). It is used to monitor long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes mellitus and assess the risk of diabetes-related complications. Lower HbA1c levels indicate better glycemic control.
- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis: Hemoglobin electrophoresis is a laboratory test used to separate and identify different types of hemoglobin present in the blood. It is primarily used to diagnose and classify various hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, based on the abnormal hemoglobin patterns detected.
- Hepatitis C (HCV) Genotyping: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping determines the genetic subtype (genotype) of the hepatitis C virus present in an individual’s blood. HCV genotyping is important for guiding treatment decisions, as different HCV genotypes may respond differently to antiviral medications. It also helps assess the risk of disease progression and the likelihood of treatment success.
- Hepatitis D (HDV) Anti-Delta Antibody: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) anti-delta antibody testing detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to hepatitis D virus infection. HDV infects individuals already infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and co-infection can result in more severe liver disease. Anti-delta antibody testing helps diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis D infections.
- Hepatitis D (HDV) Delta Antigen: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) delta antigen testing detects the presence of hepatitis D virus antigens in the blood. HDV requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection for replication and can cause more severe liver disease. Delta antigen testing helps diagnose acute or chronic hepatitis D infections and monitor disease progression.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1 IgG: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 IgG testing detects immunoglobulin G antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HSV-1 infection. This test helps diagnose past HSV-1 infection, which is commonly associated with oral herpes (cold sores). Positive IgG results indicate previous exposure to HSV-1.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1 IgM: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 IgM testing detects immunoglobulin M antibodies produced by the immune system in response to recent HSV-1 infection. IgM antibodies typically appear early during acute infection and decline over time. HSV-1 IgM testing is used to diagnose acute HSV-1 infections, particularly in newborns with suspected neonatal herpes.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2 IgG: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 IgG testing detects immunoglobulin G antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HSV-2 infection. This test helps diagnose past HSV-2 infection, which is commonly associated with genital herpes. Positive IgG results indicate previous exposure to HSV-2.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2 IgM: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 IgM testing detects immunoglobulin M antibodies produced by the immune system in response to recent HSV-2 infection. IgM antibodies typically appear early during acute infection and decline over time. HSV-2 IgM testing is used to diagnose acute HSV-2 infections.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) DNA Type 1-2: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA testing detects the genetic material (DNA) of HSV types 1 and 2 in clinical samples, such as genital swabs or cerebrospinal fluid. This test helps diagnose HSV infections, determine the viral type, and guide treatment decisions.
- Heterophil Antibody (Monospot Test): The heterophil antibody test, commonly known as the Monospot test, detects heterophil antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which causes infectious mononucleosis. This rapid diagnostic test is used to screen for infectious mononucleosis and is based on agglutination of sheep or horse red blood cells in the presence of patient serum.
- HIV-1 RNA: HIV-1 RNA testing, also known as viral load testing, measures the amount of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA (viral genetic material) in the blood. It is used to monitor HIV infection progression, assess treatment effectiveness, and guide antiretroviral therapy management. Lower viral RNA levels indicate better control of HIV replication.
- HIV Confirmation: HIV confirmation testing involves a series of laboratory tests performed to confirm the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after a positive screening test result. Confirmation tests typically include additional HIV antibody tests and/or HIV nucleic acid tests to confirm the initial screening results and rule out false-positive results.
- (Hızlı Üreaz Nefes Testi Helicobacter Pylori İçin) Rapid Urease Breath Test for Helicobacter Pylori: The rapid urease breath test (UBT) for Helicobacter pylori detects the presence of H. pylori bacteria in the stomach based on the detection of urease enzyme activity. Patients ingest a urea solution labeled with a non-radioactive isotope and exhale into a collection device. A positive test result indicates the presence of H. pylori infection.
- Hydroxyproline: Hydroxyproline testing measures the levels of hydroxyproline, a non-standard amino acid, in urine or blood samples. Elevated hydroxyproline levels may indicate increased collagen turnover and are associated with conditions such as bone disorders, connective tissue diseases, and liver fibrosis.
- High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP): High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) testing measures low levels of C-reactive protein in the blood, providing more sensitive detection of inflammation compared to standard CRP tests. Elevated hsCRP levels are associated with various inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular disease, and increased cardiovascular risk.
- Hippuric Acid: Hippuric acid testing measures the levels of hippuric acid, a metabolite of certain aromatic compounds, in urine samples. Elevated hippuric acid levels may indicate exposure to environmental toxins or certain medications.
- Histamine: Histamine testing measures the levels of histamine, a biogenic amine involved in allergic and inflammatory responses, in blood or urine samples. Abnormal histamine levels are associated with allergic reactions, histamine intolerance, and certain medical conditions.
- HLA-B27: HLA-B27 testing detects the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 gene variant, which is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and certain inflammatory bowel diseases.
- Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Test (Insulin Resistance): The Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) test evaluates insulin resistance and beta-cell function based on fasting glucose and insulin levels. It is used to assess insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
- Homocysteine: Homocysteine testing measures the levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, in blood samples. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other health conditions. Homocysteine testing is used to assess cardiovascular risk and guide treatment decisions.
- Homovanillic Acid: Homovanillic acid testing measures the levels of homovanillic acid, a metabolite of dopamine, in urine samples. Abnormal homovanillic acid levels may indicate neuroendocrine tumors, neuroblastoma, or certain neurological disorders.
- High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Determination: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) determination tests detect the presence of high-risk HPV genotypes associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers. These tests are used for cervical cancer screening and follow-up of abnormal Pap smear results.
- (Hücre Sayımı) Complete Blood Count (CBC): A complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test that evaluates the cellular components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It provides valuable information about overall health, helps diagnose various medical conditions, and monitors treatment response.
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