Laboratory [K] Tests
SERVICES AND TREATMENTS
- (Kabakulak) Mumps: Mumps, also known as infectious parotitis, is a viral infection caused by the mumps virus. It primarily affects the salivary glands, leading to swelling and pain in the cheeks and jaw. Mumps testing involves detecting antibodies or viral genetic material in blood or saliva samples to diagnose the infection.
- (Kadmiyum) Cadmium (Cd): Cadmium is a heavy metal that can be toxic to humans and animals, primarily affecting the kidneys and bones. Chronic exposure to cadmium can lead to kidney damage, osteoporosis, and other health problems. Cadmium testing measures the levels of cadmium in blood, urine, or other biological samples to assess exposure and toxicity.
- (Kalprotektin) Calprotectin: Calprotectin is a protein released by neutrophils during inflammation in the intestines. Elevated levels of calprotectin in stool samples indicate intestinal inflammation and are associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. Calprotectin testing is used to diagnose and monitor these conditions.
- (Kalsidiyol) Calcidiol (25-Hydroxyvitamin D): Calcidiol, also known as 25-hydroxyvitamin D, is the major circulating form of vitamin D in the bloodstream. It reflects the body’s vitamin D status and is used to assess vitamin D deficiency or toxicity. Calcidiol testing measures the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum and is essential for evaluating bone health and overall vitamin D status.
- (Kalsitonin Testi) Calcitonin Test: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting bone resorption. Elevated calcitonin levels may indicate thyroid cancer, particularly medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Calcitonin testing measures the levels of calcitonin in blood serum or plasma to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid cancer.
- (Kalsitriyol) Calcitriol (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3): Calcitriol, also known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is the active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium absorption in the intestines and calcium mobilization in bones. Calcitriol testing measures the levels of this hormone in blood serum and is used to assess disorders of calcium metabolism and bone health.
- (Kalsiyum) Calcium: Calcium is an essential mineral required for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, and other physiological processes. Calcium testing measures the levels of calcium in blood serum, plasma, or urine to evaluate calcium metabolism and assess conditions such as hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia.
- (Kan Grubu) Blood Group (ABO) and Rh Typing: Blood group typing determines an individual’s ABO blood group (A, B, AB, or O) and Rh factor (positive or negative). It is crucial for blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy care to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood types.
- (Kanama Zamanı Ölçümü) Bleeding Time Measurement: Bleeding time measurement assesses the ability of blood to form clots and stop bleeding after a small incision is made on the skin. It is used to evaluate platelet function and diagnose bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease or thrombocytopenia.
- Kappa Light Chains: Kappa light chains are protein subunits of immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells. Elevated levels of kappa light chains in blood or urine may indicate multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. Kappa light chain testing measures the levels of these proteins to diagnose and monitor these conditions.
- (Karbamazepin) Carbamazepine: Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and neuropathic pain. Monitoring blood levels of carbamazepine is essential to ensure therapeutic efficacy and prevent toxicity, as levels that are too low may lead to seizures, while levels that are too high may cause adverse effects.
- (Karboksihemoglobin) Carboxyhemoglobin: Carboxyhemoglobin is a compound formed by the binding of carbon monoxide (CO) to hemoglobin in red blood cells. It is a marker of carbon monoxide poisoning, a potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the inhalation of CO gas. Carboxyhemoglobin testing measures the percentage of hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide in blood to assess exposure and guide treatment.
- Karnitin (Total ve Serbest) Carnitine (Total and Free): Carnitine is a compound essential for the transport of fatty acids into mitochondria, where they are oxidized to produce energy. Total carnitine represents the sum of free carnitine and its ester forms, while free carnitine refers to the fraction not bound to other molecules. Carnitine testing measures the levels of total and free carnitine in blood or urine to evaluate carnitine deficiency or excess and assess metabolic disorders.
- (Karsinoembriyonik Antijen ) Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein marker found in higher levels in certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. CEA testing measures the levels of this protein in blood serum to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of various cancers and to assess treatment response.
- (Kemik Spesifik Alkalen Fosfotaz) Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) is an enzyme produced by osteoblasts during bone formation. Elevated levels of BAP in blood serum indicate increased bone turnover and are associated with conditions such as Paget’s disease, osteomalacia, and bone metastases. BAP testing is used to diagnose and monitor bone disorders and assess response to treatment.
- (Kızamık (Measles) IgG) Measles (Rubeola) IgG: Measles IgG testing detects antibodies against the measles virus in blood serum. It is used to determine immunity to measles and assess whether an individual has been previously vaccinated or has had a past infection. Measles IgG antibodies provide long-term immunity against measles and are essential for evaluating vaccination status and outbreak investigations.
- (Kist Hidatik) Hydatid Cyst: Hydatid cyst, also known as echinococcosis, is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus tapeworms. Hydatid cyst testing involves imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to detect cysts in organs such as the liver, lungs, or brain. Serological tests, including antibody detection, may also be performed to aid in diagnosis and monitor treatment response.
- (Klonozepam) Clonazepam (Rivotril): Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine medication used to treat seizures, panic disorder, and certain movement disorders. Monitoring blood levels of clonazepam helps ensure therapeutic efficacy and prevent adverse effects. Clonazepam testing measures the concentration of the drug in blood plasma to guide dosing and optimize treatment outcomes.
- (Klor) Chlorine (Cl): Chlorine is a chemical element commonly found in nature and widely used in various industrial and household applications. In medical contexts, chlorine levels may be measured in blood or urine to assess electrolyte balance, kidney function, or exposure to toxic substances.
- (Kobalamin) Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia, neuropathy, and other health problems. Cobalamin testing measures the levels of vitamin B12 in blood serum or urine to diagnose deficiency or monitor treatment effectiveness.
- (Kobalt) Cobalt: Cobalt is a metallic element used in various industrial processes, alloys, and medical devices. Elevated cobalt levels in blood or urine may indicate exposure to cobalt-containing materials, such as cobalt-based hip implants, and can lead to adverse health effects. Cobalt testing is performed to assess exposure levels and guide medical management.
- (Koenzim) Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring compound essential for cellular energy production and antioxidant defense. CoQ10 levels in blood or tissues may be measured to evaluate mitochondrial disorders, cardiovascular health, and certain neurological conditions. Coenzyme Q10 testing helps diagnose deficiency and monitor response to supplementation.
- (Kolinesteraz) Cholinesterase: Cholinesterase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in nerve signal transmission by breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Cholinesterase activity in blood or plasma is measured to assess nerve function and exposure to organophosphate pesticides or nerve agents. Cholinesterase testing aids in diagnosing poisoning and monitoring treatment.
- (Kompleman 3) Complement 3 (C3): Complement component C3 is a protein involved in the immune system’s complement pathway, which helps clear pathogens and regulate inflammation. Abnormal levels of C3 in blood serum may indicate autoimmune diseases, infections, or complement deficiencies. C3 testing is used to diagnose and monitor immune system disorders and assess disease activity.
- (Kompleman 4) Complement 4 (C4): Complement component C4 is a protein that plays a role in the immune system’s complement cascade, contributing to pathogen clearance and inflammation regulation. Abnormal C4 levels in blood serum may signal autoimmune diseases, infections, or complement deficiencies. C4 testing helps diagnose and monitor immune system disorders and evaluate disease activity.
- (Konjonktiva veya Göz Akıntısı Kültürü) Conjunctival or Eye Discharge Culture: Conjunctival or eye discharge culture involves collecting samples from the conjunctiva or eye discharge and culturing them in a laboratory to identify microbial pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. This test helps diagnose and guide treatment for eye infections, conjunctivitis, and other ocular conditions.
- (Kortizol) Cortisol: Cortisol, often referred to as the “stress hormone,” is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress and low blood glucose levels. Cortisol plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation. Cortisol levels in blood, saliva, or urine are measured to diagnose adrenal disorders, monitor stress response, and evaluate conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome or Addison’s disease.
- (Kreatin Kinaz ) Creatine Kinase (CK): Creatine kinase, also known as CK or CPK (creatine phosphokinase), is an enzyme found predominantly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscles. CK catalyzes the conversion of creatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), playing a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. Elevated CK levels in blood indicate muscle damage or injury, such as myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, or rhabdomyolysis. CK testing aids in diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.
- (Kreatin Kinaz-MB) Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB): Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) is a specific isoform of creatine kinase primarily found in cardiac muscle tissue. CK-MB levels in blood are measured to diagnose acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) and assess cardiac muscle damage. Elevated CK-MB levels, along with other cardiac markers like troponin, help confirm myocardial infarction and guide treatment decisions.
- (Kreatinin) Creatinine: Creatinine is a waste product generated by the breakdown of creatine phosphate in muscle metabolism. Creatinine is excreted by the kidneys and eliminated from the body through urine. Blood and urine creatinine levels are measured to assess kidney function and estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Abnormal creatinine levels may indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, or muscle breakdown.
- (Krom) Chromium (Cr): Chromium is a trace mineral essential for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose regulation. Chromium levels in blood or urine may be measured to assess nutritional status, monitor chromium supplementation, or investigate chromium toxicity. Chromium testing helps diagnose chromium deficiency or excess and guide dietary or therapeutic interventions.
- (Kromogranin A) Chromogranin A: Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein found in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tract. Elevated levels of chromogranin A in blood serum may indicate neuroendocrine tumors (such as carcinoid tumors or pheochromocytoma), stress, or certain medications. Chromogranin A testing aids in diagnosing and monitoring neuroendocrine neoplasms and assessing treatment response.
- (Kulak Kültürü) Ear Culture: Ear culture involves collecting samples from the ear canal or middle ear and culturing them in a laboratory to identify microbial pathogens such as bacteria or fungi. This test helps diagnose and guide treatment for ear infections, otitis externa, otitis media, and other ear-related conditions.
- (Kurşun) Lead: Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body through environmental exposure, ingestion, or inhalation. Lead poisoning can cause serious health problems, especially in children, affecting the nervous system, kidneys, and other organs. Blood lead levels are measured to assess lead exposure and guide interventions to prevent or mitigate lead toxicity.
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